Key Terms
Stress
Physical and emotional reaction to threatening aspects of the environment. Strain: damage resulting from stress.
Strain
The damage that results from experiencing stress. Stress causes strain; they are not the same thing.
Frustration
A psychological reaction to an obstruction blocking goal- directed behavior. Something is in your way.
Anxiety
A feeling of inability to deal with anticipated harm. You don't have a plan for what's coming; characterized by dread an
Eustress
Beneficial stress. Coined from the Greek prefix "eu" (good).
Type I
Lacks motivation. Negative view of work; avoids it.
High-stress jobs share these traits
Little control over work, relentless time pressure, threatening physical conditions, heavy responsibility for people or
Prevalence
35 percent of a national random sample and 60 percent of scientists and engineers reported some form of role ambiguity.
Outcomes
Intensified internal conflict, increased tension, reduced job satisfaction, decreased confidence in leadership, social a
Role Overload
Being asked to do more than time or ability allows.
Role Underutilization
Only a small fraction of skills and abilities are used; monotony is the most common form.
Outcomes of underutilization
Low self-esteem, low life satisfaction, nervous complaints. Outcomes of overload: insomnia, irritability, increased erro
Type A characteristics
Impatient, restless, aggressive, competitive, polyphasic (many tasks at once), strong time pressure, work-focused, long
Type B characteristics
Fewer pressing deadlines, less time urgency, less competitive, does one activity at a time.
Health risk
Type A individuals are twice as prone to heart disease, five times as prone to a second heart attack, and twice as prone