Key Terms
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Definition
The process of modifying one's own behavior by systematically managing cues, cognitive processes, and contingent consequ
Work application
A warning light in a cockpit paired repeatedly with a trainer's verbal command eventually triggers the correct response
Foundation
Thorndike's Law of Effect
Key concept - Reciprocal determinism
People shape their environment as much as the environment shapes them. Learning is active, not passive.
Vicarious learning
Learning by observing others and the consequences of their behavior.
Example
Watching a colleague get reprimanded for disruptive behavior teaches you not to be disruptive, without you having to exp
Distribution of practice
Spaced sessions work better for motor skills and difficult/tedious material; concentrated practice works better when ins
Reinforcement
Anything that causes a behavior to be repeated or inhibited.
Two categories
Continuous and partial (intermittent).
Continuous reinforcement
Reward every occurrence of desired behavior; fastest learning, fastest extinction.
Partial reinforcement
Reward at intervals; slower learning, slower extinction.
Behavior modification
Applying operant conditioning principles to shape employee behavior toward management-defined standards.
Three underlying assumptions
1. Individuals are passive and reactive, not proactive; they respond to stimuli rather than initiating behavior on their
Conduct a performance audit
Identify discrepancies between desired behavior and actual behavior 3. Set specific behavioral goals: goals must be real