Key Terms
Definition
An additional option beyond CPAs, standing orders, and protocols; allows pharmacists to prescribe without any of those t
Who authorizes
State agency — typically the Board of Pharmacy.
Scope
Used for conditions that do NOT require independent diagnosis; typically executed for a specific activity or public heal
Settings
Inpatient, ambulatory, community, managed care.
State variation
Most states permit CPAs, but laws vary widely. Some states restrict pharmacists to CPAs with physicians only — mid-level
Who prescribes
The pharmacist IS the prescriber.
Most common use
Naloxone — most states use a standing order to allow pharmacist-dispensed naloxone.
Other examples
Contraception, tobacco cessation medications, immunizations.
Examples
Contraception, naloxone, tobacco cessation, immunizations, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Status
Not widely implemented; represents the furthest expansion of pharmacist prescribing authority.
PUBLIC HEALTH BENEFIT
Eliminates all structural barriers; direct access to pharmacist prescribing without needing a prescriber agreement or pr
Setting
Community pharmacy in a county designated as a healthcare provider shortage area (HPSA). One PCP in the county.
Identified health disparities
High smoking rates; community in a contraceptive desert.
Medications covered
Any FDA-approved tobacco cessation medication.
Pharmacist requirements
Active pharmacist license (no additional training beyond licensure specified).