Key Terms
Army Alpha Test
Measured mental abilities for literate English-speaking recruits. Army Beta Test: non-verbal version for illiterate and
Finding
Any change in a variable improved productivity, even returning to poor conditions. The attention of researchers and supe
Hawthorne Effect
Performance increase when individuals know they are being observed
Significance
Shifted I-O focus from purely industrial tasks toward organizational and interpersonal factors. Marks the origin of orga
Task-Oriented Analysis
Lists specific tasks performed. Each rated on frequency, difficulty, and importance.
Worker-Oriented Analysis (Job Specification)
Identifies KSAs the worker must have. Uses observation, surveys, and interviews.
Types of tests used in hiring
Personality tests, IQ tests, integrity tests, physical tests, drug tests.
Unstructured Interview
Different questions asked of different candidates; no standardized scoring. Less reliable.
Structured Interview
Same questions for every candidate, prepared in advance, standardized rating system. More effective at predicting job pe
Factors that bias interview outcomes
Similarity to interviewer, regional accent, nonverbal behaviors (eye contact, smiling, head nodding).
Orientation
Introduces new employees to company history, policies, administrative procedures, and organizational culture.
Organizational Culture in training context
The values, visions, hierarchies, norms, and ways employees interact. How the organization makes decisions.
Mentoring
Informal training where an experienced employee guides a newer one. Can be formally assigned or develop naturally.
Mentoring outcomes for the mentor
Greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Eby et al., 2006).
Training effectiveness is measured four ways
(1) employee's immediate response to training, (2) post-training test scores, (3) supervisor observation of job behavior