Key Terms
Example
Adding 1 teaspoon of sugar to a barely-sweet coffee is obvious. Adding the same teaspoon to an already-sweet coffee is u
NOTE
Image lands on the retina upside down and backward. Brain corrects it.
Advantage
If one eye is lost, both hemispheres still receive input from the remaining eye.
Hue
The shade of a color; determined by wavelength
Brightness
Determined by wave amplitude (intensity)
Color perceived as three pairs of opponents
Red-green, yellow-blue, white-black. Neurons are excited by one color and inhibited by its opponent.
Afterimage
Stare at a color long enough; those receptors fatigue. Shift gaze and you see the opponent color.
Color blindness
~1 in 50 people (mostly men) lack functioning red or green cones. Can still see yellow (supported by opponent-process th
Gestalt
A meaningfully organized whole. "The whole is more than the sum of its parts."
Depth perception
Ability to perceive 3D space and judge distance. Partially innate (shown by visual cliff research with infants), partial
Beta effect
Perceived motion from successive still images (basis of film) Phi phenomenon: perceived motion from objects appearing/di
Phi phenomenon
Perception of motion from objects appearing and disappearing near each other. Creates a moving zone effect.
Both are gestalt examples
The brain creates motion that is not literally there.
Human hearing range
20 to 20,000 hertz Decibel scale: every 10 dB increase = tenfold increase in loudness
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Vibrates with incoming sound waves 4. Ossicles (hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, stirrup/stapes): three tiny bones that rela