Key Terms
Negative rights
Freedoms the government CANNOT restrict (privacy, speech, property) Positive rights: freedoms the government MUST protec
SUFFRAGE
The right to vote; a civil right in the United States
VOTER SUPPRESSION
Efforts to prevent certain groups from exercising voting rights
CONSTITUTIONALISM
The set of political values and norms derived from a country's constitution that serve as the basis for government autho
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)
Adopted 1948 by the UN; 30 articles covering protections against slavery (Article 4), forced marriage (Article 16), free
POLITICAL CULTURE
The ways in which a country's history, geography, religion, and traditions shape its specific political system and deter
POLITICAL MINORITY
Any group with less power than the majority; not necessarily smaller in number — the definition shifts by country and co
MAJORITARIANISM
The political theory that the majority has the right and responsibility to shape the rules of society; in practice, majo
Factors that shifted public opinion
AIDS epidemic bringing LGBTQ+ issues to mainstream attention, representation in film and TV, and increasing interpersona
Jim Crow era
1877 to approximately 1965
Brennan Center finding
Voter fraud is very rare; voter impersonation is virtually nonexistent
Sri Lanka
Constitution allows religious freedom but elevates Buddhism as the foremost religion — every president and prime ministe
Bhutan
Forced Lhotshampa (Nepali-speaking, majority Hindu minority) to speak the national language and wear national dress; 197
Modern slavery
International Labour Organization estimated 40.3 million people in forced labor or trafficking globally as of 2016. Only
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Public, nonviolent, conscientious, political act contrary to law done with the aim of changing government policy — John