Key Terms
Definition
Presenting your argument at the right time, when the issue feels urgent and relevant to the audience.
Allusion
Direct or implied reference to a person, place, work, idea, or event the writer expects readers to recognize.
Circular argument
The conclusion simply restates the premise. Example: "The book is good because it was written by a good author." No actu
Counterclaim (dissenting opinion)
A statement of what the opposing side might argue against your position.
Critical thinking
The ability to identify and solve problems by gathering information and analyzing evidence to form a judgment.
Deductive reasoning
Moves from general to specific. Start with a premise or hypothesis; examine specific evidence; arrive at a logical concl
Ethos
Appeal to readers' ethical sense; establishes authority and credibility.
Evidence
Facts and information that prove or disprove the validity of a claim.
Fallacy
A mistake in logic that undermines the validity of an argument.
Hasty generalization
Broad conclusion from too little evidence.
Inductive reasoning
Moves from specific to broad. Collect specific observations or facts; draw a conclusion from them.
Kairos
Appeal to timeliness of subject matter.
Logos
Appeal to readers' sense of logic or reason.
Pathos
Appeal to readers' emotions.
Propaganda
Information worded to endorse a particular viewpoint, often political. Two common types: bandwagon (everyone else agrees