Key Terms
Fact
A statement that can be proven or whose truth can be verified.
Opinion
A statement of belief or value. Opinions make arguments.
Bias
A preconceived opinion about a subject, idea, person, or group that influences how information is gathered and presented
Purpose
The reason for writing. Statistics: Factual statements that use numbers.
Assignment keywords that signal analytical work
Analyze, compare, contrast, cause, effect, discuss, examine, evaluate.
Ethos
The sense that a writer is trustworthy and credible. Evidence: Facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinion that supp
Structure
Specified sections with required headings. Documentation: Usually APA or similar.
Common examples
Academic essays, news reports, investigative journalism.
Audience
The readers of a report or any piece of writing. Bias: A preconceived opinion that skews how information is gathered or
Body
Main section of a report between introduction and conclusion.
Citation
In-text reference to a source used in the report.
Conclusion/recommendation
Final section summarizing significance or offering next steps.
Critical thinking
The ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate beneath the surface of words and images.
Facts
Statements whose truth can be proven or verified. Introduction: First section after any front matter; presents the topic
Logos
Use of facts and logic to appeal to an audience's reason.