Key Terms
Step-by-step
1. Decreased blood pressure detected by kidney cells 2.
Normal
275-295 mmol/kg
Normal total
8.5-10.5 mg/dL Normal ionized: 4.6-5.2 mg/dL
Sources
Patient (primary), family/friends (secondary), chart review (verify with patient) Data to collect: age, chronic disease
Assess
Texture, temperature across head, torso, extremities
Skin turgor
Pinch skin into tent; observe return speed
Lips
Should be smooth, supple; dryness/cracking suggests FVD
FVD effects
Decreased cardiac output; decreased cerebral perfusion; brain shrinkage; cognitive and motor decline; possible bleeding
FVE effects
Cerebral edema; brain cell compression; decreased cerebral perfusion; cognitive and motor decline
Normal BUN
10-20 mg/dL Normal creatinine: 0.7-1.2 mg/dL Normal BUN:creatinine ratio: ~20:1
Urine specific gravity
Normal: 1.010-1.020
Used for
Existing FVE, or to prevent FVE in patients with kidney or cardiac disease
NOTE
Dietary sodium and chloride deficiency are rare in the United States. Most education focuses on REDUCING these.
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein inner lining; redness, pain, heat, purulent drainage, palpable venous cord
Infiltration
Non-vesicant solution leaks into surrounding tissue; pain, swelling, cool skin, tight skin, leaking IVF