Key Terms
Functional status
Measurement of a patient's ability to perform physical movements (walking, standing) and higher-level activities (ADLs,
Basic ADLs
Eating, toileting, bathing, dressing, transferring, grooming
Instrumental ADLs (IADLs)
Cooking, cleaning, maintaining finances, shopping, preparing meals, managing medications
ASSISTING WITH ADLs
CORE PRINCIPLES
Therapeutic exercise
Intentional movement for strength, endurance, and
Mobility
Ability of a patient to change and control body position. Requires sufficient muscle strength, energy, skeletal stabilit
CDC statistic
12.1% of all U.S. adults have mobility disability (serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs).
Mobility exists on a CONTINUUM
From no impairment (major, frequent position changes without assistance) to complete immobility (unable to make any slig
ROM
ROM performed with partial external assistance Adduction: movement toward midline of body Abduction: rotating out and aw
Active ROM
ROM performed independently by the patient Active-assisted
Active-Assisted ROM
Performed with partial assistance from external force; patient can do ROM but needs help with pain or weakness
Passive ROM
Movement performed entirely by another person or passive- motion machine; patient's joint is completely relaxed
Posture
Fundamental mechanism to ensure balance against gravity, align body, assist in environmental perception and action. Dyna
Neutral posture
Upper trunk and head at zero degrees relative to vertebral column.
Assess
Erect vs. slumped; deviation from neutral indicates deficiencies in postural control/orientation; can lead to vertebral