Key Terms
MOLAR SOLUBILITY
Moles of compound that dissolve per liter of saturated solution. Units: mol/L.
Steps
1. Convert g/L to mol/L using molar mass 2.
To find which precipitates first
1. For each salt, set Qsp = Ksp and solve for the required counter-ion concentration
AgI dissolves in water
AgI(s) <=> Ag+(aq) + I-(aq)
Lewis acid
Any species that ACCEPTS an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond
Lewis base
Any species that DONATES an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond
Lewis acid-base adduct
The product of the reaction; the compound or ion containing the coordinate covalent bond
Coordinate covalent bond (dative bond)
Both bonding electrons come from the SAME atom (the Lewis base)
Complex ion
A central atom (usually a transition metal cation) bonded to surrounding molecules or ions called ligands via coordinate
Ligand
A molecule or ion acting as a Lewis base; donates an electron pair to the central metal atom. Examples: NH3, H2O, CN-, O
Formation constant (Kf)
Equilibrium constant for the FORMATION of a complex ion from its components. Also called stability constant.
Dissociation constant (Kd)
Equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction (complex breaking apart). Kd = 1/Kf
Coupled equilibria
Two or more separate chemical reactions that share one or more reactant or product; they run simultaneously and influenc
Real example from the text
Ocean acidification dissolves calcium carbonate coral skeletons. More CO2 in seawater makes it more acidic; the carbonat
Dental cavities work the same way
Bacterial acid waste reacts with the hydroxide ion in tooth enamel (hydroxyapatite), pulling dissolution equilibrium for