Key Terms
GENOME
Total genetic information in a cell.
SEX CHROMOSOMES
X and Y are the exception to homolog uniformity. They carry different genes except for a small homologous region needed
SISTER CHROMATIDS
After DNA replication (S phase), each chromosome = two identical sister chromatids held together at the centromere by co
Two major phases
INTERPHASE and MITOTIC PHASE
ORIGIN
A gene mutation in a cell-cycle regulatory protein. Even a minor error (slightly delayed Cdk binding, Rb detaching prema
Method
BINARY FISSION (not mitosis)
Why no mitosis
Prokaryotes have no true nucleus; no need for karyokinesis. Single circular chromosome means no complex segregation requ
Anaphase
Cohesin breaks; sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles
Binary fission
Prokaryotic division; no mitosis required Cell plate: plant-cell structure built by fusing Golgi vesicles; becomes new c
Chromatid
One copy of a duplicated chromosome; two form a pair held at centromere Cleavage furrow: pinch-point in animal cytokines
Nucleosome
8 histone proteins + DNA wrapped around them; first compaction level Oncogene: mutated proto-oncogene; drives uncontroll