Key Terms
Bureaucracy
Nonelected administrative group carrying out government policies and programs Bureaucrats / Civil Servants: individuals
Bureaucrats / Civil Servants
Individuals who fill those nonelected positions.
Public Administration
Two things at once. It is (1) the implementation of public policy in government bureaucracies AND (2) the academic study
Washington administration
Bureaucracy was tiny. Three departments created: State, Treasury, War.
Spoils system
Political appointments handed out as rewards for party loyalty.
Political patronage
Use of state resources (paid government positions) to reward political supporters.
CSC structure
Three commissioners; no more than two from the same political party.
Some positions still require civil service exams
Foreign service, customs officials, air traffic controllers, federal law enforcement.
Result
Bureaucratic waste and unnecessary growth.
First regulatory agency
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), created 1887, to regulate railroads. Regulatory agencies are harder for partisan p
Four sources of oversight
Congress, the president, citizens, and internal (whistleblowers).
Federal Register
The official publication for all federal rules and proposed rules.
Two tools
1. Appointment power: president appoints heads of all 15 cabinet departments and many independent agencies (CIA, EPA, FB
Whistleblower
A person who publicizes misdeeds committed within a bureaucracy or other organization.
Privatization
Incorporating private-sector market forces into government functions to varying degrees.